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Table 3 Prevalence, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of high fertility rate (4 or more live births) according to socio-demographic characteristics among Ghanaian women 15–49 years from 1988 to 2008 presented in years intervals

From: Inequality in fertility rate and modern contraceptive use among Ghanaian women from 1988–2008

Variables

High fertility

 

1988

1993

1998

2003

2008

 

n (%) aOR(95% CI)

n (%) aOR(95% CI)

n (%) aOR(95% CI)

n (%) aOR(95% CI)

n (%) aOR(95% CI)

Residence a

     

Urban

509(33.4) Ref

432(25.1) Ref

370(23.3) Ref

527(22.2) Ref

434(20.1) Ref

Rural

1241(41.9) 1.4(1.1-1.7)

1221(43.0) 1.9(1.5-2.2)

1272(39.0) 2.0(1.7-2.5)

1352(40.8) 1.1(0.9-1.4)

1024(37.2) 1.4(1.1-1.8)

Total

1750

1653

1642

1879

1458

Educational level a

    

Never attended

989(55.5) 4.5(1.8-11.1)

846(53.0) 6.2(3.2-12.1)

871(50.1) 8.8(4.8-16.2)

986(51.4) 3.8(2.2-6.6)

689(55.4) 7.9(4.3-14.3)

Basic education

719(30.4) 3.1(1.3-7.5)

739(29.6) 4.3(2.2-8.4)

711(27.0) 4.9(2.7-8.8)

828(26.2) 2.7(1.6-4.7)

714(24.7) 3.8(2.1-6.8)

Secondary

29(9.8) 0.6(0.2-1.6)

53(13.4) 1.4(0.7-2.8)

42(11.5) 2.0(1.0-4.0)

42(9.1) 1.0(0.5-1.9)

37(6.2) 1.3(0.7-2.6)

Higher

13(32.5) Ref

15(20.8) Ref

18(17.1) Ref

22(15.3) Ref

16(8.8) Ref

Total

1750

1653

1642

1879

1456

Income level a

     

Low income

470(51.7) 1.0(0.8-1.3)

 

595(45.0) 1.1(0.9-1.4)

1033(44.2) 3.0(2.3-4.0)

821(40.8) 2.1(1.6-2.7)

Average income

202(42.6) 0.8(0.6-1.1)

 

265(42.1) 1.3(1.0-1.7)

365(36.9) 2.4(1.8-3.1)

273(30.4) 1.8(1.4-2.4)

High income

385(44.4) Ref

 

458(36.9) Ref

481(20.4) Ref

364(18.1) Ref

Total

1057

No data

1318

1879

1458

  1. aadjusted for age, marital status and mutually for one another; aOR = adjusted Odds ratio.