Individual and community level socioeconomic inequalities in contraceptive use in 10 Newly Independent States: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis

Table 1 Study characteristics by percent using modern contraception among women married or in a union in 10 Newly Independent States (n = 55,204)

Characteristic	n	All Countries n = 55,204	ARM n = 4,170	AZE n = 5,260	BEL n = 4,172	GEO n = 6,183	KAZ n = 8,369	KYR n = 4,156	MOL n = 4,892	TAJ n = 6,007	UKR n = 4,169	UZB n = 8,855
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Total	55, 204	41	18	14	62	20	49	46	45	33	59	58
Community wealth category		(***)	(***)	(***)	(**)	(***)	(***)	(*)	(***)	(***)	(***)
Poorest	17,672	35	15	11	54	15	39	48	40	28	46	60
Middle	15,542	41	20	13	55	20	50	43	42	31	59	59
Richest	21,991	44	22	18	59	25	55	45	49	39	63	59
Household wealth quintile		(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(*)
Poorest	10,070	35	12	11	49	12	40	47	37	26	43	61
Poorer	10,747	38	16	11	53	16	45	40	39	32	53	60
Middle	11,355	40	17	10	59	18	49	43	43	32	58	61
Richer	11,334	43	22	18	60	23	51	48	46	36	66	57
Richest	11,699	46	29	21	59	28	57	48	51	39	67	57
Education		(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(*)		(***)	(***)	(**)
Less than higher	44,060	39	17	13	55	17	48	45	42	32	56	60
Higher	11,144	46	28	25	63	27	51	48	51	46	61	57
Age		(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)
15-19 years	1,146	16	4	3	51	9	28	15	34	4	40	19
20-24 years	7,189	31	19	9	60	22	38	29	41	16	45	40
25-29 years	9,380	45	27	20	64	26	51	49	51	32	65	61
30-34 years	9,262	49	27	21	64	27	59	54	53	42	67	67
35-39 years	9,252	49	22	18	69	23	57	61	53	46	67	72
40-44 years	10,009	42	18	12	57	17	53	53	45	36	63	69
45-49 years	8,967	27	7	7	34	9	32	26	25	29	43	47
Number of living children		(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)
0	4,706	11	2	1	26	3	11	10	22	1	34	4
1	11,466	41	20	13	61	23	47	34	45	11	66	42
2	19,478	44	23	19	59	22	59	50	50	36	61	66
3	10,660	43	18	14	50	18	50	58	42	41	52	73
4 or more	8,895	46	12	14	54	11	43	49	39	40	27	67
Residence type		(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)	(***)		(***)	(***)	(***)	(**)
Rural	29,111	39	16	10	52	16	44	45	41	31	50	60
Urban	26,093	43	21	18	59	24	52	47	48	38	62	57

P-value from chi-squared test of association: * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001.

ISSN: 1475-9276